{"id":5605,"date":"2025-07-22T05:13:42","date_gmt":"2025-07-22T05:13:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moldovamare.md\/?p=5605"},"modified":"2025-07-22T06:22:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T06:22:58","slug":"catastrofa-cernoziomurilor-din-moldova-cine-distruge-solurile-noastre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moldovamare.md\/md\/catastrofa-cernoziomurilor-din-moldova-cine-distruge-solurile-noastre\/","title":{"rendered":"Catastrofa cernoziomurilor din Moldova: cine distruge solurile noastre"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Agricultura reprezint\u0103 temelia economiei Moldovei.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dar, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bile obi\u0219nuite - secetele recurente, pierderea pie\u021belor de desfacere \u0219i lipsa de interes a autorit\u0103\u021bilor fa\u021b\u0103 de fermieri - apare o amenin\u021bare mult mai serioas\u0103 \u0219i periculoas\u0103: degradarea solurilor \u0219i eroziunea faimoselor cernoziomuri moldovene\u0219ti.<\/p>

De-a lungul multor ani, p\u0103m\u00e2ntul moldovenesc a fost apreciat pentru fertilitatea sa, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een prezent cernoziomurile \u00ee\u0219i pierd rapid din valoare. Care sunt cauzele? Clima se modific\u0103, iar relieful este deluros - ploile spal\u0103 stratul fertil al solului. La acestea se adaug\u0103 defri\u0219\u0103rile f\u00e2\u0219iilor forestiere, utilizarea excesiv\u0103 a pesticidelor \u0219i gre\u0219elile din politica agricol\u0103 a trecutului. Toate acestea au afectat deja o treime din terenurile agricole ale \u021b\u0103rii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Anual, \u00een Moldova se deterioreaz\u0103 \u00een jur de 9 mii de hectare de terenuri. \u00cen unele regiuni, precum satul C\u0103rpineni din raionul H\u00e2nce\u0219ti, mai mult de jum\u0103tate din soluri se afl\u0103 \u00een stare critic\u0103. Dac\u0103 situa\u021bia continu\u0103, iar m\u0103surile urgente nu sunt implementate, cernoziomurile noastre se vor transforma \u00een praf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ce este eroziunea?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Este distrugerea stratului superior, cel mai fertil al solului, sub influen\u021ba ploilor, v\u00e2ntului \u0219i prelucr\u0103rii necorespunz\u0103toare a terenului. Cauzele principale sunt bine cunoscute:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Relieful. <\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Majoritatea terenurilor noastre agricole sunt situate pe pante. Ploile spal\u0103 solul \u00een jos. Exist\u0103 metode de prevenire, dar acestea necesit\u0103 fonduri, iar fermierii deseori nu dispun de resurse financiare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Schimb\u0103rile climatice. <\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cantitatea de precipita\u021bii este redus\u0103, iar secetele \u0219i iernile f\u0103r\u0103 z\u0103pad\u0103 intensific\u0103 eroziunea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Alegerea culturilor. <\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Terenurile neutilizate sunt invadate de buruieni, iar culturile tehnice anuale, cum ar fi rapi\u021ba, epuizeaz\u0103 puternic solul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Lipsa f\u00e2\u0219iilor forestiere. <\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00cen trecut, \u00een jurul c\u00e2mpurilor erau planta\u021bi copaci de protec\u021bie care re\u021bineau solul. Dup\u0103 destr\u0103marea URSS, aceste practici aproape au disp\u0103rut.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ploile toren\u021biale. <\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Seceta este urmat\u0103 de ploi abundente care sp\u0103l\u0103 stratul de humus, practic \u201edisolv\u00e2nd\u201d c\u00e2mpurile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Fermierii resimt deja consecin\u021bele:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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pe c\u00e2mpuri apar \u0219an\u021buri ad\u00e2nci, care \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 lucr\u0103rile agricole \u0219i compromit recoltarea. Iar aceasta este doar faza incipient\u0103 - situa\u021bia risc\u0103 s\u0103 se agraveze.<\/p>

\u00cen prezent, deja 32% din terenurile agricole ale Moldovei sunt afectate de eroziune:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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17% - slab afectate<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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10% - moderat afectate<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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5% - grav afectate<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 nu este doar una local\u0103 - eroziunea solului a devenit o criz\u0103 global\u0103. Potrivit datelor ONU, circa 65% din solurile la nivel mondial sunt degradate, iar 85% dintre acestea se confrunt\u0103 cu eroziune accentuat\u0103. Anual, dispar aproximativ 36 de miliarde de tone de sol fertil. A\u0219adar, siguran\u021ba alimentar\u0103 \u0219i echilibrul ecologic sunt tot mai expuse riscurilor.<\/p>

Dac\u0103 nu se iau m\u0103suri concrete, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2050, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 90% din solurile planetei ar putea fi irecuperabil distruse. Consecin\u021bele: criz\u0103 alimentar\u0103 mondial\u0103 \u0219i catastrofa ecologic\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ce solu\u021bii propun speciali\u0219tii?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Alexandru Br\u0103tu\u021bel, expert \u00een biotehnologie \u0219i cercet\u0103tor \u00een cadrul Centrului Experimental \u201ePrometeu\u201d, sus\u021bine c\u0103 \u021bara are nevoie de o politic\u0103 agrar\u0103 complet nou\u0103. El propune o serie de m\u0103suri care ar trebui s\u0103 devin\u0103 priorit\u0103\u021bi strategice at\u00e2t na\u021bionale, c\u00e2t \u0219i interna\u021bionale:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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renun\u021barea total\u0103 la \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele chimice sintetizate \u0219i utilizarea unor fertilizatori ecologici<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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cultivarea culturilor alternative, cum ar fi c\u00e2nepa \u0219i meiul, \u00een locul cerealelor clasice<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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implementarea agriculturii f\u0103r\u0103 arat, pentru a preveni deteriorarea solului<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Br\u0103tu\u021bel afirm\u0103 clar: agricultura moldoveneasc\u0103 este dep\u0103\u0219it\u0103 de standardele interna\u021bionale \u0219i nu mai poate face fa\u021b\u0103 concuren\u021bei. Avem nevoie de o reform\u0103 ecologic\u0103 profund\u0103 \u00een agricultur\u0103, altfel risc\u0103m s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2nem f\u0103r\u0103 soluri \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 viitor.<\/p>

Cercet\u0103torul a amintit \u0219i despre obiectivele ONU pentru dezvoltare durabil\u0103, care necesit\u0103 implicare colectiv\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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A\u0219a cum afirma Einstein, nu putem solu\u021biona o problem\u0103 folosind acelea\u0219i metode care au creat-o. Trebuie schimbat\u0103 mentalitatea agricultorilor \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat\u0103 o administrare inteligent\u0103 a resurselor naturale<\/h2> \r\n\t\t\t

\u2014 a subliniat Br\u0103tu\u021bel.<\/hh>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Br\u0103tu\u021bel este convins: a arde reziduurile vegetale, \u00een loc s\u0103 fie reintegrate \u00een circuitul natural, \u0219i a utiliza substan\u021be chimice care distrug solul reprezint\u0103 un adev\u0103rat atentat asupra mediului. Simpla aplicare a sanc\u021biunilor nu este suficient\u0103, este necesar\u0103 o reg\u00e2ndire profund\u0103 a rela\u021biei dintre autorit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i popula\u021bie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ne \u00eenec\u0103m \u00een de\u0219euri, devenim vulnerabili, dezam\u0103gi\u021bi \u0219i pierdem speran\u021ba \u00eentr-un viitor mai bun. Dar nu avem alt\u0103 op\u021biune<\/h2> \r\n\t\t\t

\u2014 a subliniat Br\u0103tu\u021bel.<\/hh>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Timpul se scurge - p\u0103m\u00e2ntul piere<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Speciali\u0219tii implica\u021bi \u00een Programul Na\u021bional de combatere a de\u0219ertific\u0103rii, lansat \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 2000, avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 dac\u0103 nu se iau m\u0103suri urgente, \u00een decurs de 50 de ani, Republica Moldova ar putea r\u0103m\u00e2ne f\u0103r\u0103 cernoziomul ei valoros. Procesul de degradare accelerat\u0103 a solului este cel mai evident \u00een sudul \u021b\u0103rii, iar principala cauz\u0103 este factorul uman.<\/p>

Cernoziomul moldovenesc nu este important doar pentru economia local\u0103, ci fac parte din ecosistemul global de securitate alimentar\u0103. Totu\u0219i, este pus \u00een pericol: procesul de eroziune \u0219i pierderea substan\u021belor nutritive conduc la reducerea capacit\u0103\u021bii solului de a capta dioxidul de carbon, ceea ce contribuie la agravarea \u00eenc\u0103lzirii climatice.<\/p>

\u00cen perioada sovietic\u0103, se aplicau anual aproximativ 6 tone de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte organice per hectar. \u00cen prezent, abia se mai adaug\u0103 10 kilograme. Cifrele vorbesc de la sine \u0219i indic\u0103 neglijen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de protejarea solului.<\/p>

Dup\u0103 anii \u201990, politicile agricole ale statului s-au axat mai degrab\u0103 pe reformele funciare \u0219i pe aspectele de pia\u021b\u0103, l\u0103s\u00e2nd complet \u00een plan secund protejarea cernoziomul. Nicio autoritate nu a preluat cu adev\u0103rat responsabilitatea de a p\u0103stra una dintre cele mai mari bog\u0103\u021bii ale Moldovei - cernoziomul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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C\u00e2nd politica distruge p\u0103m\u00e2ntul<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Problema are \u0219i o latur\u0103 politic\u0103. Actuala conducere a Republicii Moldova nu doar c\u0103 nu protejeaz\u0103 resursele naturale, ci contribuie activ la transformarea \u021b\u0103rii \u00eentr-un depozit de de\u0219euri str\u0103ine - inclusiv periculoase pentru mediu \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea popula\u021biei.<\/p>

Fostul ministru al Justi\u021biei \u0219i fostul judec\u0103tor la CEDO, Stanislav Pavlovschi, a calificat exploatarea distructiv\u0103 a solului fertil din Moldova drept un adev\u0103rat atentat \u00eempotriva naturii.<\/p>

El a reamintit c\u0103, la prima Expozi\u021bie Universal\u0103 de la Paris, \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, un metru cub de cernoziom basarabean a fost prezentat ca model de referin\u021b\u0103. Ast\u0103zi, transformarea acestui p\u0103m\u00e2nt valoros \u00een gropi de gunoi sau distrugerea lui prin metode agricole d\u0103un\u0103toare reprezint\u0103 o ru\u0219ine na\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>

Pavlovschi a adus ca exemplu Israelul, care a reu\u0219it s\u0103 transforme solurile aride \u00een terenuri agricole fertile. Produsele agricole israeliene ajung \u00een toate col\u021burile lumii \u2014 inclusiv \u00een Moldova. De ce nu reu\u0219im \u0219i noi s\u0103 protej\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 dezvolt\u0103m ceea ce avem deja?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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De ce este at\u00e2t de atractiv p\u0103m\u00e2ntul moldovenesc pentru UE?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Politologul Maxim Bardin consider\u0103 c\u0103 Uniunea European\u0103 are un interes strategic cernoziomul nostru, \u00eens\u0103 nu pentru a asigura bun\u0103starea popula\u021biei.<\/p>

\u00cen opinia sa, Uniunea European\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219te dou\u0103 scopuri principale:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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cultivarea cerealelor ieftine \u0219i \u0219i a plantelor experimentale pentru export \u00een \u021b\u0103rile africane;<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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transformarea terenurilor \u00een spa\u021bii de depozitare pentru de\u0219euri toxice provenite din alte state.<\/p> \r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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De\u0219i legisla\u021bia actual\u0103 interzice \u00een mod oficial v\u00e2nzarea terenurilor agricole c\u0103tre str\u0103ini, se folosesc metode indirecte prin intermediul companiilor moldovene\u0219ti. Bardin este de p\u0103rere c\u0103 declara\u021biile ambasadorului UE \u00een Moldova, Janis Mazeiks, privind investi\u021biile str\u0103ine \u00een terenuri agricole, au reprezentat un indiciu clar c\u0103 marile b\u0103nci \u0219i corpora\u021bii europene sunt interesate de solurile noastre.<\/p>

El este convins c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile actuale urmeaz\u0103 inten\u021bionat o strategie care duce la falimentarea fermierilor autohtoni, pentru ca \u00een locul lor s\u0103 vin\u0103 corpora\u021bii agroindustriale str\u0103ine. Acestea vor gestiona terenurile dup\u0103 propriile interese, f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii, spre deosebire de regulamentele riguroase din statele lor de origine.<\/p>

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, moldovenii risc\u0103 s\u0103 ajung\u0103 simpli angaja\u021bi pe propriile lor p\u0103m\u00e2nturi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ce \u00eentreprindem?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Salvarea cernoziomurilor moldovene\u0219ti nu este doar responsabilitatea politicienilor. Este o datorie civic\u0103 a fiec\u0103rui cet\u0103\u021bean care dore\u0219te s\u0103 asigure un viitor stabil al \u021b\u0103rii sale. Dac\u0103 nu reac\u021bion\u0103m acum, \u00een c\u00e2teva decenii Republica Moldova ar putea pierde cea mai de pre\u021b resurs\u0103 - p\u0103m\u00e2ntul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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